{"id":14088,"date":"2023-09-07T17:17:35","date_gmt":"2023-09-07T13:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.integrale.re\/?p=14088"},"modified":"2023-09-08T09:34:38","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T05:34:38","slug":"confort-thermique-des-batiments-a-la-reunion-favorisons-la-ventilation-naturelle-plutot-que-la-climatisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.integrale.re\/en\/confort-thermique-des-batiments-a-la-reunion-favorisons-la-ventilation-naturelle-plutot-que-la-climatisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal comfort of buildings in Reunion Island: let's favour natural ventilation rather than air conditioning"},"content":{"rendered":"

In order to meet our thermal comfort requirements, the use of air conditioning is constantly increasing in Reunion Island. However, in order to meet the challenges of the energy and ecological transition, it is necessary to considerably reduce our energy consumption and our greenhouse gas emissions.<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ENJEU \u00c9COLOGIQUE DE LA CLIMATISATION<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La climatisation vise \u00e0 introduire un air rafraichi et d\u00e9shumidifi\u00e9 dans une pi\u00e8ce \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un syst\u00e8me actif comme une pompe \u00e0 chaleur. Pour donner quelques chiffres, on estime par exemple que, pour un b\u00e2timent tertiaire \u00e0 la R\u00e9union,<\/strong> la climatisation repr\u00e9sente entre 40% et 60% de ses consommations \u00e9lectriques<\/strong>. Outre l\u2019impact des consommations li\u00e9es \u00e0 cet usage, les \u00e9quipements de climatisation utilisent des fluides frigorig\u00e8nes. Ces syst\u00e8mes ne sont pas parfaitement herm\u00e9tiques et pr\u00e9sentent des fuites allant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 10% par an de pertes de fluides selon l\u2019installation. Or, ces fluides sont de puissants gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (entre 600 et 3 260 fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que le CO2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il est donc imp\u00e9ratif d\u2019adapter son comportement, ses habitudes et son b\u00e2timent \u00e0 des solutions passives<\/strong>, afin de garantir un confort thermique avec un usage moindre de la climatisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure 1 – Vents dominants \u00e0 La R\u00e9union<\/mark><\/em>
(source : Prebat – R\u00e9union Ventilation Naturelle<\/mark><\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

LA VENTILATION NATURELLE, UNE ALTERNATIVE \u00c0 LA CLIMATISATION<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Un levier int\u00e9ressant pour am\u00e9liorer le confort thermique des occupants sans avoir recours \u00e0 la climatisation est de s\u2019appuyer sur la ventilation naturelle<\/strong>. Cet outil est particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9 au climat tropical humide de La R\u00e9union. En effet, les temp\u00e9ratures externes en saison humide d\u00e9passent rarement les 32 \u00b0C (sauf en zone Ouest o\u00f9 35\u00b0C peuvent \u00eatre atteints), et des vents soutenus et bien d\u00e9finis existent comme les Aliz\u00e9s et les brises thermiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interest of natural ventilation in terms of comfort is twofold:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u00c9vacuer la chaleur qui s\u2019accumule \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du b\u00e2timent ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Cr\u00e9er des courants d\u2019air int\u00e9rieurs afin de diminuer la temp\u00e9rature ressentie. Une vitesse d\u2019air de 1 m\/s, soit 3,6km\/h, permet ainsi d\u2019abaisser la temp\u00e9rature ressentie de 3\u00b0C \u00e0 4\u00b0C.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n
    Figure 2 – Illustration de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un courant d\u2019air int\u00e9rieur pour le confort des occupants (source : Prebat – R\u00e9union Ventilation Naturelle)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    La ventilation naturelle s\u2019int\u00e8gre totalement dans la conception bioclimatique qui consiste \u00e0 concevoir un b\u00e2timent en s\u2018appuyant logiquement sur les atouts de son environnement<\/strong>. Cette solution est aussi \u00e9conomique, car elle se base sur une ressource naturelle gratuite (le vent) plut\u00f4t que de mettre en \u0153uvre des m\u00e9thodes \u00e9nergivores telles que la climatisation. Ainsi, il est naturel de favoriser ce type de solution lorsque cela est possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    La mise en place de ventilation naturelle doit, de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence, \u00eatre prise en consid\u00e9ration d\u00e8s la conception du b\u00e2timent et est imp\u00e9rativement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une bonne conception thermique de l\u2019enveloppe<\/strong> (protection solaire, isolant, inertie, etc..). L\u2019organisation int\u00e9rieure du b\u00e2timent doit \u00eatre r\u00e9fl\u00e9chie. L\u2019objectif est de d\u00e9finir des circuits a\u00e9rauliques internes aux b\u00e2timents qui seront appropri\u00e9s aux usages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    CLIMATISATION OU VENTILATION, DES SOLUTIONS HYBRIDES<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Climatisation et ventilation naturelle ne sont pas incompatibles. Il est notamment possible de concevoir des b\u00e2timents en fonctionnement mixte<\/strong> afin de limiter l\u2019usage de la climatisation au strict n\u00e9cessaire, par exemple, sur les 4 mois les plus chauds de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. Le reste du temps, le b\u00e2timent est rafraichi \u00e0 l\u2019aide de la ventilation naturelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Si le potentiel de vent n\u2019est pas suffisant, les brasseurs d\u2019air, beaucoup moins consommateurs qu\u2019un syst\u00e8me de climatisation classique, <\/strong>permettent de r\u00e9duire l\u2019usage de climatisation et d\u2019apporter un compl\u00e9ment \u00e0 la ventilation naturelle en cr\u00e9ant un mouvement d\u2019air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Que le b\u00e2timent utilise de la climatisation ou de la ventilation naturelle, l\u2019implication des utilisateurs est essentielle<\/strong> pour garantir une ma\u00eetrise de ses consommations et un bon confort thermique. Quelques \u00e9cogestes sont \u00e0 connaitre : limiter les apports solaires en fermant les protections solaires, assurer une ventilation traversante en ouvrant les fen\u00eatres, utiliser les brasseurs d\u2019air, adapter la temp\u00e9rature de consigne\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    UN PROJET D\u00c9MONSTRATEUR DE LA CONCEPTION BIOCLIMATIQUE, L\u2019AMPHITH\u00c9\u00c2TRE DU MOUFIA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Des projets d\u2019envergure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sur le principe de la ventilation naturelle \u00e0 La R\u00e9union. Par exemple, l\u2019amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre du Moufia a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour fonctionner sans avoir recours \u00e0 la climatisation<\/strong>. Le retour d\u2019exp\u00e9rience des usagers est tr\u00e8s positif et les \u00e9tudes r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 posteriori confirment un bon confort thermique. Enfin, le budget pr\u00e9vu initialement pour installer un syst\u00e8me de climatisation a pu \u00eatre r\u00e9investi dans la mise en place de panneaux solaires, r\u00e9duisant d\u2019autant plus l\u2019impact environnemental de l\u2019amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre du Moufia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n
    Figure 3 – Fonctionnement a\u00e9raulique de l\u2019Amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre du Moufia<\/mark><\/em>
    Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    LA VENTILATION NATURELLE : UNE \u00c9VIDENCE POUR INTEGRALE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Depuis 2004, INTEGRALE Ing\u00e9nierie et les ing\u00e9nieurs du p\u00f4le QEB (Qualit\u00e9 Environnementale du B\u00e2ti) accompagne les ma\u00eetres d\u2019ouvrage dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien \u00e0 la conception bioclimatique de leurs b\u00e2timents.
    La ventilation naturelle est une priorit\u00e9 chez INTEGRALE et le sujet est int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de nos projets.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La climatisation repr\u00e9sente une \u00e9norme part des consommations \u00e9lectriques des b\u00e2timents tertiaires. Pour permettre de r\u00e9duire et de maitriser cette consommation, la mise en place de ventilation naturelle est une alternative. L’utilisation de brasseur d’air \u00e0 la place de la climatisation peut \u00e9galement permettre de r\u00e9duire cette consommation.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[77,48,78],"class_list":["post-14088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-qualite-environnementale","tag-confort-thermique","tag-energie","tag-ventilation"],"yoast_head":"\nConfort thermique des b\u00e2timents \u00e0 La R\u00e9union : favorisons la ventilation naturelle plut\u00f4t que la climatisation - INTEGRALE Ing\u00e9nierie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.integrale.re\/en\/confort-thermique-des-batiments-a-la-reunion-favorisons-la-ventilation-naturelle-plutot-que-la-climatisation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Confort thermique des b\u00e2timents \u00e0 La R\u00e9union : favorisons la ventilation naturelle plut\u00f4t que la climatisation - INTEGRALE Ing\u00e9nierie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La climatisation repr\u00e9sente une \u00e9norme part des consommations \u00e9lectriques des b\u00e2timents tertiaires. Pour permettre de r\u00e9duire et de maitriser cette consommation, la mise en place de ventilation naturelle est une alternative. 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